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APOGEE: adaptive prefetching on GPUs for energy efficiency

Ankit Sethia, Ganesh Dasika, Mehrzad Samadi, Scott Mahlke
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI
22nd international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques (PACT ’13), 2013

@inproceedings{sethia2013apogee,

   title={APOGEE: adaptive prefetching on GPUs for energy efficiency},

   author={Sethia, Ankit and Dasika, Ganesh and Samadi, Mehrzad and Mahlke, Scott},

   booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques},

   pages={73–82},

   year={2013},

   organization={IEEE Press}

}

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Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) combine large amounts of parallel hardware with fast context switching among thousands of active threads to achieve high performance. However, such designs do not translate well to mobile environments where power constraints often limit the amount of hardware. In this work, we investigate the use of prefetching as a means to increase the energy efficiency of GPUs. Classically, CPU prefetching results in higher performance but worse energy efficiency due to unnecessary data being brought on chip. Our approach, called APOGEE, uses an adaptive mechanism to dynamically detect and adapt to the memory access patterns found in both graphics and scientific applications that are run on modern GPUs to achieve prefetching efficiencies of over 90%. Rather than examining threads in isolation, APOGEE uses adjacent threads to more efficiently identify address patterns and dynamically adapt the timeliness of prefetching. The net effect of APOGEE is that fewer thread contexts are necessary to hide memory latency and thus sustain performance. This reduction in thread contexts and related hardware translates to simplification of hardware and leads to a reduction in power. For Graphics and GPGPU applications, APOGEE enables an 8X reduction in multithreading hardware, while providing a performance benefit of 19%. This translates to a 52% increase in performance per watt over systems with high multi-threading and 33% over existing GPU prefetching techniques.
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