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Real-Time Reconstruction of Sensitivity Encoded Radial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Graphics Processing Unit

T.S. Sorensen, D. Atkinson, T. Schaeffter, M.S. Hansen
Univ. Coll. London, London, UK
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2009

@article{sorensen2009real,

   title={Real-time reconstruction of sensitivity encoded radial magnetic resonance imaging using a graphics processing unit},

   author={Sorensen, TS and Atkinson, D. and Schaeffter, T. and Hansen, M.S.},

   journal={Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on},

   volume={28},

   number={12},

   pages={1974–1985},

   year={2009},

   publisher={IEEE}

}

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A barrier to the adoption of non-Cartesian parallel magnetic resonance imaging for real-time applications has been the times required for the image reconstructions. These times have exceeded the underlying acquisition time thus preventing real-time display of the acquired images. We present a reconstruction algorithm for commodity graphics hardware (GPUs) to enable real time reconstruction of sensitivity encoded radial imaging (radial SENSE). We demonstrate that a radial profile order based on the golden ratio facilitates reconstruction from an arbitrary number of profiles. This allows the temporal resolution to be adjusted on the fly. A user adaptable regularization term is also included and, particularly for highly undersampled data, used to interactively improve the reconstruction quality. Each reconstruction is fully self-contained from the profile stream, i.e., the required coil sensitivity profiles, sampling density compensation weights, regularization terms, and noise estimates are computed in real-time from the acquisition data itself. The reconstruction implementation is verified using a steady state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence and quantitatively evaluated. Three applications are demonstrated; real-time imaging with real-time SENSE 1) or k-t SENSE 2) reconstructions, and 3) offline reconstruction with interactive adjustment of reconstruction settings.
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