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Fast and Flexible GPU Accelerated Binding Free Energy Calculations within the AMBER Molecular Dynamics Package

Daniel J. Mermelstein, Charles Lin, Gard Nelson, Rachael Kretsch, J. Andrew McCammon, Ross C. Walker
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
biorxiv preprint, (15 January 2018)

@article{mermelstein2018fast,

   title={Fast and Flexible GPU Accelerated Binding Free Energy Calculations within the AMBER Molecular Dynamics Package},

   author={Mermelstein, Daniel J and Lin, Charles and Nelson, Gard and Kretsch, Rachael and McCammon, J Andrew and Walker, Ross C},

   journal={bioRxiv},

   pages={247692},

   year={2018},

   publisher={Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}

}

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Alchemical free energy calculations (AFE) based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are key tools in both improving our understanding of a wide variety of biological processes and accelerating the design and optimization of therapeutics for numerous diseases. Computing power and theory have, however, long been insufficient to enable AFE calculations to be routinely applied in early stage drug discovery. One of the major difficulties in performing AFE calculations is the length of time required for calculations to converge to an ensemble average. CPU implementations of MD based free energy algorithms can effectively only reach tens of nanoseconds per day for systems on the order of 50,000 atoms, even running on massively parallel supercomputers. Therefore, converged free energy calculations on large numbers of potential lead compounds are often untenable, preventing researchers from gaining crucial insight into molecular recognition, potential druggability, and other crucial areas of interest. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can help address this. We present here a seamless GPU implementation, within the PMEMD module of the AMBER molecular dynamics package, of thermodynamic integration (TI) capable of reaching speeds of >140 ns/day for a 44,907-atom system, with accuracy equivalent to the existing CPU implementation in AMBER. The implementation described here is currently part of the AMBER 18 beta code and will be an integral part of the upcoming version 18 release of AMBER.
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