high performance computing on graphics processing units: hgpu.org

Awkward Array is a widely used library in high-energy physics (HEP) for representing and manipulating nested, variable-length data in Python. Previous CHEP contributions have explored GPU acceleration for Awkward Array, demonstrating the feasibility and performance benefits of CUDA-based backend while also identifying limitations related to irregular data access, fine-grained kernel launches, and composability of operations. […]

Vision-language-action (VLA) policies repeatedly invoke inference to control robots, making graphics processing unit (GPU) energy a recurring cost of task execution. Reducing energy per inference call, however, may not reduce energy per successful task if numerical errors increase failures or slower inference prolongs execution. We therefore target GPU energy per successful task while preserving task […]

Equation-based neural modeling offers flexibility, but executing models across processors and nodes requires explicit control of order, ownership, and numerical behavior. We present brian2-atlas, a rebuilt execution architecture retaining Brian2's modeling interface and bringing heterogeneous and distributed targets under a common model-to-execution contract. Its unified intermediate representation, AtlasIR (Atlas Intermediate Representation), describes typed state, clocks, […]

Interactive virtual worlds allow agents to learn through exploration and interaction. What agents can learn is bounded by the environments they practice in, which must be faithful, with consistent state, rules, and dynamics, and realistic, with observations that follow the real-world visual distributions. Achieving both across diverse worlds remains a bottleneck. We introduce AgentGarten, a […]

Writing custom GPU kernels using OpenAI Triton is a common approach for authoring deep learning operators. However, deploying models containing Python @triton.jit kernels into production C++ inference runtimes-specifically Microsoft ONNX Runtime (ORT) and NVIDIA TensorRT (TRT)-presents architectural limitations. Standard ONNX graph export mechanisms cannot trace imperative Python Triton calls, dynamic launch grid functions, implicit layout […]

High-performance GPU kernels are essential to modern machine learning systems, yet automatically generating kernels that are both correct and efficient remains challenging. Existing LLM-based approaches face two major limitations: the scarcity of high-quality training data aligned with the model's current capabilities, and the inherent trade-off between kernel correctness and performance. To address these challenges, we […]

This book presents a code-first introduction to computer vision, spanning classical 2D image processing, classical 3D vision, and deep learning. Organized as 44 short chapters across three parts, the book builds each topic from first principles: image arithmetic and morphology; convolution, pyramids, and frequency-domain filtering; feature detection, optical flow, and stereo; projective geometry, camera calibration, […]

Compiler backends are expensive to build and maintain as programming models, workloads, and accelerators evolve. We investigate whether large language models can replace the conventional optimizing and lowering pipeline, a process that we call AI lowering. We study AI lowering from Triton to NVIDIA PTX: an LLM agent translates Triton kernels directly into PTX. We […]

Machine learning (ML) compilers play a key role in enabling high-performance implementations of ML workloads. These compilers use existing CPU and GPU backends to generate device-specific code. In recent years, many tensor accelerators (or AI accelerators) have been designed to further accelerate these workloads, with commercial products like AWS Trainium publicly available. However, compared to […]

Frontier LLMs are increasingly used to automate scientific research through iterative search. We distinguish idea-driven search from solution-driven search and identify three core challenges: organizing evolving research ideas, selecting promising directions, and maintaining alignment between ideas and their implementations. To address these challenges, we introduce the Agentic Idea Manager (AIM), a fully autonomous framework for […]

Deep learning inference and training performance depends critically on GPU kernel efficiency. Modern compilers such as PyTorch Inductor automatically generate GPU kernels from high-level model code, but frequently underperform expert-written implementations by wide margins. Recent LLM-assisted kernel optimizers can close this gap for standalone kernels, yet treat compiled models as black boxes, generally optimizing individual […]

Large language model (LLM) outputs are expected to be reproducible under greedy decoding, yet in practice the same model, prompt, and software stack produce different outputs on different GPUs. The root cause is floating-point non-associativity combined with hardware-dependent kernel selection. Inference frameworks select different matrix-multiplication kernels on each architecture, with different parallel reduction orders and […]